Dr Fiaz Maqbool Fazili on challenges of single mothers ,

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My Pain is my Pain! Challenges of Single Mother’s.
Struggles of Single Moms in the Traditional Conservative Society of Kashmir.

Author: Dr. Fiaz Maqbool Fazili

The status of a single mother is not one that any woman would voluntarily and happily choose for herself in a traditional conservative society like Kashmir. The region, deeply rooted in its cultural, religious, and societal norms, perceives family structures as sacrosanct. Any deviation from the norm of a two-parent household is often met with scepticism, judgment, and prejudice. For a woman navigating the difficult journey of single motherhood, the challenges are multifaceted ranging from social ostracism to emotional and financial struggles. This article delves into the challenges faced by single mothers in Kashmir, drawing insights from confidential interactions with many of them. It highlights the societal, cultural, emotional, and economic obstacles they navigate and explores their journeys of self-healing and resilience.

  1. The Stigma of Single Motherhood in a Conservative Society;Kashmir, a region known for its tightly knit community structures, places great emphasis on family unity. A single mother is often viewed as an anomaly, her status questioned and scrutinized by neighbours, relatives, and even acquaintances. The societal perception that a woman cannot thrive without a man further compounds her struggles. Divorce, widowhood, or separation is seen as a reflection of failure—on the part of the woman, regardless of the circumstances.

This stigma creates an isolating environment for single mothers, who often find themselves excluded from social events or community gatherings. The judgment they endure is not limited to whispered gossip but manifests in overt acts of discrimination, such as being denied opportunities to participate in certain religious or social circles. Such experiences erode their self-esteem and hinder their ability to build a supportive network.

  1. Financial Constraints and Economic Challenges;In Kashmir, many women rely on their spouses for financial stability. A single mother, left to fend for herself and her children, faces the overwhelming burden of providing for her family. Employment opportunities in Kashmir are limited, especially for women, and societal attitudes often discourage women from pursuing work outside the home.

For single mothers, balancing employment with childcare is particularly difficult. Affordable childcare options are scarce, and the lack of extended family support exacerbates the problem. Many women are forced to take up low-paying or part-time jobs that offer little economic security, at times face intimidation and exploitation too. In addition, the cultural expectation that women prioritize caregiving over professional ambitions limits their prospects for career advancement. The financial strain is further aggravated by societal expectations to maintain a certain standard of living. Single mothers may feel pressured to ensure their children have the same opportunities as their peers, which often requires stretching already limited resources.

  1. Emotional and Psychological Toll; My pain is my Pain .The emotional impact of single motherhood in a conservative society like Kashmir is profound. The constant judgment and scrutiny take a toll on mental health, leading to feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and depression. Many single mothers grapple with self-doubt, questioning their ability to provide a stable and nurturing environment for their children. The challenges of single motherhood are often compounded by grief or trauma. Widows, for instance, may still be processing the loss of their spouse, while divorced women might struggle with the emotional scars of an abusive or failed marriage. These unresolved emotions can make it difficult to focus on personal healing or move forward in life.

Adding to the emotional burden is the societal tendency to hold single mothers accountable for the behaviour of their children. If a child struggles academically or behaves poorly, the mother is often blamed, reinforcing feelings of guilt and failure.

  1. Impact on Children of Single Mothers;The children of single mothers in Kashmir are not immune to societal prejudice. They may face bullying or exclusion from peers, particularly in schools or religious institutions. Questions about the absence of a father figure can lead to feelings of alienation and insecurity. Single mothers often worry about the long-term impact of their circumstances on their children’s emotional well-being. They may overcompensate by trying to fulfill both parental roles, which can lead to physical and emotional exhaustion. Additionally, the lack of a male role model in the household may raise concerns about their children’s social development, particularly in a patriarchal society that emphasizes traditional gender roles.
  2. Religious Misconceptions and Societal Judgment;Islam, the predominant religion in Kashmir, provides clear guidance on supporting widows, orphans, and divorced women. However, societal interpretations often stray from these teachings. Single mothers may find themselves judged through a cultural lens sometimes profanity rather than a religious one, facing accusations of failing to uphold moral, family values or religious principles. This disconnects between religious teachings and societal attitudes creates an additional layer of struggle for single mothers. They often feel alienated from the very communities that should offer solace and support, such as mosques or religious gatherings.
  3. Coping with the Challenges: Pathways to Resilience;Despite these challenges, many single mothers in Kashmir demonstrate remarkable resilience. Their ability to navigate societal judgment, economic hardship, braving odds and emotional turmoil speaks to their inner strength and determination. On interacting with a few who volunteered to provide me inputs for this piece  only after privacy, confidentiality on their identity was assured .Here are some of the ways they cope and find paths toward healing:a. Building Support Networks; Forming connections with other single mothers or supportive community members can provide much-needed emotional and practical support. Shared experiences foster a sense of solidarity and reduce feelings of isolation. Seeking Education and Employment. Many single mothers pursue education or vocational training as a means of achieving financial independence. By enhancing their skills and qualifications, they improve their chances of securing stable employment and providing for their families’. Turning to Faith; Faith often serves as a single most primary source of comfort and strength. Many single mothers find solace in prayer, Quranic study, and Islamic teachings that emphasize resilience and self-reliance. This spiritual connection helps them cope with adversity and maintain hope for the future.d. Advocating for Their Children;Single mothers are often fiercely dedicated to ensuring their children have access to education and opportunities. This commitment serves as a motivator, driving them to overcome obstacles and create a better future for their families.

 

Challenges of Single Mothers in the Traditional Conservative Society of Kashmir

  1. The Role of Society in Supporting Single Mothers;Addressing the challenges faced by single mothers in Kashmir requires a collective effort. Society must move away from judgment and stigma, and instead embrace empathy and understanding.A. Education and Awareness; Community awareness programs can help dispel misconceptions about single motherhood and promote acceptance. Educating people about the struggles faced by single mothers can foster a more supportive environment. Economic Empowerment. Government and non-governmental organisations should prioritise initiatives that support single mothers, such as job training programs, microloans, self-employment under women empowerment programs   and childcare schemes. These measures can help single mothers achieve financial independence and stability.c. Religious and Community Support; Religious leaders and community organizations should play an active role in supporting single mothers. This includes providing counselling services, financial assistance, facilitating food or essential supplies and platforms for social inclusion.d. Legal Reforms; Strengthening legal protections for single mothers, such as enforcing child support obligations and addressing workplace discrimination, is essential for their empowerment.
  2. Self-Healing and Personal Growth;While societal change is crucial, single mothers must also focus on their own healing and growth. Developing self-confidence and resilience is a gradual process that requires self-compassion and patience. Seeking therapy or counselling can be invaluable in addressing trauma and building coping mechanisms. Personal growth also involves redefining one’s identity beyond the label of “single mother.” pursuing education again, entrepreneurship or engaging in community service can provide a sense of purpose and fulfilment.
    9.Difficulty with Marrying Again; Difficulty with marrying again can be a struggle for some single mothers. While many single mothers may desire companionship and family life love, they may also face unique challenges when it comes to parenting the former children and children from new wedlock. Single mothers may have limited time and resources to devote to marrying, and they may worry about how their dating life could impact their children. Furthermore, single mothers may also face negative stereotypes and stigma from potential partners or society at large, which can make it more difficult for them to find meaningful relationships.
  • Single motherhood in a traditional conservative society like Kashmir is fraught with challenges, but it is not devoid of hope. While societal attitudes and cultural norms often exacerbate the struggles of single mothers, their resilience and determination are a testament to their strength. By fostering empathy, providing economic opportunities, and challenging societal stigma, Kashmir can create an environment where single mothers and their children can thrive. Destiny may be inevitable, but with collective effort and personal growth, single mothers can transform their challenges into opportunities for healing and empowerment.
    Author besides being a medical doctor at Mubarak hospital, Member OF GCC- Group of Concerned Citizens., an influencer columnist active in positive perception management of various moral, religious  and social issues, can be reached at drfiazfazili@gmail.com)

Hopes From Year 2025 writes Faisal Khankashi, opinion 30 December 2024 issue

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Hopes from Year 2025 – A Political and Knowledge-Based Perspective on Jammu and Kashmir
By Faisal Khankashi
As a proud citizen of the largest democracy in the world, India, and a native of Jammu and Kashmir—the Jewel of the Crown—I hold high hopes for 2025. This year, designated by the United Nations as the International Year of Cooperatives, underscores the global call for collaboration and unity in addressing social challenges. It offers a unique opportunity to reflect on the aspirations of Jammu and Kashmir, a land of unparalleled natural beauty, resilience, and potential.
Political Hopes for Jammu and Kashmir in 2025
1.Restoration of Statehood
One of the most anticipated political developments in Jammu and Kashmir is the restoration of its statehood. Since the revocation of Article 370 in 2019, the region has experienced significant structural changes. While the reorganization has brought opportunities for development, the people of J&K yearn for a return to full statehood, which will restore their sense of political dignity and empowerment.
In 2025, I hope for an inclusive dialogue between the people of Jammu and Kashmir and the central government, leading to a consensus on statehood restoration. This would not only strengthen India’s democratic ethos but also pave the way for a renewed trust between the region and the rest of the nation.
2.Strengthening Local Governance
Another political hope is the empowerment of local governance through Panchayati Raj institutions and the District Development Councils (DDCs). The successful functioning of these institutions can enhance participatory democracy, ensuring that the voices of the people are heard at the grassroots level.
In 2025, I envision increased devolution of powers to these local bodies, enabling them to address issues like education, healthcare, and infrastructure more effectively. This could foster a sense of ownership among the people and bridge the governance gap.
3.A Roadmap for Peace and Stability
Peace remains a fundamental aspiration for Jammu and Kashmir. In 2025, I hope for the continuation of efforts to bring an end to militancy and violence in the region. Strengthening security while promoting dialogue with all stakeholders—including youth, civil society, and political groups—will be crucial for creating an environment of trust and cooperation.
Diplomatic engagement with neighboring countries to address cross-border issues, coupled with economic and cultural exchanges, can significantly contribute to regional stability.
4.Inclusion in the National Political Framework
Another hope for 2025 is the greater representation of Jammu and Kashmir in national policymaking. As citizens of India, the voices of the people of J&K should be adequately reflected in Parliament and other forums. This can be achieved through increased participation of regional leaders in national politics and policies tailored to the unique needs of the region.
Knowledge-Based Development for Jammu and Kashmir
1.Education and Research Hubs
The year 2025 holds promise for the establishment of Jammu and Kashmir as a hub for education and research. With its strategic location and rich cultural heritage, the region has immense potential to attract students and scholars from across the world.
By investing in higher education, particularly in fields like environmental sciences, tourism, and medicine, Jammu and Kashmir can emerge as a knowledge leader. Institutions like the University of Kashmir and the Jammu University can play a pivotal role in fostering innovation and skill development.
2.Harnessing Renewable Energy
With the global focus on renewable energy in 2025, Jammu and Kashmir has the potential to become a leader in hydropower and solar energy. The region’s vast water resources can be utilized to generate clean energy, not only for local use but also for export to other parts of India.
Investments in green energy infrastructure can create jobs, reduce environmental degradation, and position J&K as a sustainable energy hub.
3.Leveraging Tourism for Cultural Exchange
Tourism, one of the mainstays of J&K’s economy, can become a catalyst for knowledge exchange. In 2025, I envision a focus on sustainable tourism that promotes the region’s rich history, art, and culture. Initiatives like international cultural festivals, eco-tourism projects, and heritage conservation can elevate the global profile of Jammu and Kashmir.
4.Promoting Technology and Startups
In 2025, the government can create a knowledge-based economy by promoting technology and innovation in Jammu and Kashmir. Establishing IT parks, fostering entrepreneurship, and providing digital infrastructure can empower the youth and create employment opportunities. Programs to support local startups, particularly in agriculture, handicrafts, and tourism, can transform the region into a hub of innovation.
Global Cooperation and the Role of Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir’s geopolitical significance positions it as a bridge for global cooperation. In 2025, the region can play a role in fostering understanding between India and its neighbors, acting as a symbol of unity amidst diversity. Peace in J&K can have a ripple effect, contributing to regional and global stability.
Conclusion
The year 2025 holds immense promise for Jammu and Kashmir. As we strive for political stability, economic growth, and knowledge-based development, it is essential to prioritize the aspirations and well-being of the people. Through inclusive policies, innovative solutions, and global cooperation, we can ensure that Jammu and Kashmir fulfills its potential as a beacon of hope, resilience, and progress in India and the world.
Let 2025 be the year when Jammu and Kashmir truly becomes a shining example of peace, prosperity, and progress for all.
( The writer is well known figure of tourism sector and houseboat industry of Jammu and Kashmir)

Dr. Prasana Kumar Dalai Shines in Literary World

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Dr. Prasana Kumar Dalai shines in literary world
Dr. Prasana Kumar Dalai is a distinguished writer and scholar from Odisha, India, who has made significant contributions to English literature. With a profound passion for writing, Dr. Dalai has authored numerous books, articles, and research papers that have been widely acclaimed for their literary merit and academic rigor.
Dr. Dalai’s writings often explore the nuances of Odia culture, tradition, and society, offering a unique perspective on the human experience. His works are characterized by their lyrical prose, depth of emotion, and philosophical insights, which have resonated with readers and critics alike. As a scholar, Dr. Dalai has also made notable contributions to the field of English literature, with a particular focus on postcolonial studies, cultural theory, and literary criticism.
Through his writings, Dr. Dalai has played a vital role in promoting Odisha’s rich cultural heritage and literary traditions to a global audience. His work has helped to create a deeper understanding and appreciation of Odia culture, while also inspiring a new generation of writers and scholars from the state. As a testament to his literary excellence, Dr. Dalai has received numerous awards and accolades, including recognition from esteemed literary organizations and institutions.
Dr. Dalai’s contributions to English literature in Odisha are a testament to his dedication, passion, and commitment to the literary arts. His writings continue to inspire, educate, and enrich readers, while his scholarly work has helped to shape the contours of English literary studies in the state. As a writer, scholar, and cultural ambassador, Dr. Prasana Kumar Dalai remains a towering figure in Odisha’s literary landscape.

A brief about the journey of MUSHTAAQUE ALI AHMAD KHAN …. a story of resilience

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A brief about the journey of MUSHTAAQUE ALI AHMAD KHAN …. a story of resilience.

 

In the kaleidoscope of Kashmir’s cultural landscape, there emerges a figure, Mushtaaque Ali Ahmad Khan, whose journey resonates with the symphony of perseverance and passion, navigating through the ebbs and flows of life’s turbulent waters. Born amidst the serene vistas of Srinagar, his childhood melodies echo through the corridors of memory, coloured by the floods of 2014 that ushered a relocation to new shores, symbolizing resilience in adversity.

From the hallowed halls of DAV School, Jawahar Nagar to the vibrant stages of NCC camps, his voice found wings amidst the cadence of patriotism, soaring high in the skies of determination. The corridors of Muneer Building witnessed the blossoming of talent, where melodies intertwined with destiny, guided by the maestros of Song and Drama Division, sculpting dreams into reality.

Academic pursuits painted the canvas of knowledge, as Geology, Geography, and Chemistry became the backdrop for his quest for excellence. In the amphitheatre of Amar Singh College, sporting endeavours danced in harmony with cultural endeavours, while the corridors reverberated with echoes of leadership forged in NCC’s crucible.

The curtain rose on a new act as university life unfolded, unveiling a tapestry of pursuits where sportsmanship met artistry on the fields of Hockey, Football, and Badminton. Amidst the scholarly pursuits in the department of Geography at Kashmir University, the stage beckoned, casting him as the maestro orchestrating cultural symphonies, weaving tales of melodious fervour.

Yet, the heart’s desire yearned for the limelight of the theatre, a passion long suppressed but never extinguished. Emerging from the cocoon of parental expectations, they spread his wings, embracing the thespian realm with fervour unmatched. The stage became his canvas, and the spotlight his muse, as he painted portraits of emotion with every enunciation, every gesture.

The corridors of Forensic Science Laboratory bore witness to a crossroads, where duty and passion stood at odds, beckoning a choice between the comfort of certainty and the allure of dreams. With courage as his compass, he bid farewell to the familiar shores, embarking on a journey where every script was a revelation, every performance a testament to the indomitable spirit.

As the annals of time unfurled, the chapters of his life unfolded, each verse a testament to resilience, each stanza a celebration of creativity. From the airwaves of All India Radio to the celluloid realms of Doordarshan, his voice echoed through the annals of history, weaving tales that transcended time and space.

In the crucible of challenges, he emerged as a beacon of inspiration, his endeavours transcending the realms of art to embrace the mantle of leadership. The International Film Festival of Kashmir stands as a testament to his vision, a celebration of celluloid dreams amidst the snow-capped peaks of the valley.

Through the vicissitudes of life, he remained steadfast, good spirit undaunted by the tempests that swept across the horizon. His message reverberates through the corridors of time, a clarion call to all who dare to dream: “The show must go on!” For in the tapestry of life, amidst the myriad hues of struggle and success, his legacy endures, a testament to the power of passion, perseverance, and the undying spirit of the human soul.

In the annals of Kashmir’s cultural heritage, his contributions stand as pillars of inspiration, shaping the narrative of artistic excellence and social transformation. With a heart ablaze with passion and a mind fuelled by vision, he embarked on a journey of innovation and creativity, leaving an indelible mark on every endeavour he undertook.

As the chairman of Actors’ Creative Theatre (ACT), his leadership ushered in an era of vibrancy and dynamism, fostering a nurturing environment for budding artists to flourish and thrive. Through workshops, seminars, and cultural festivals, he became architect of change, igniting the flames of creativity in the hearts of generations to come.

His foray into filmmaking and broadcasting was marked by a trailblazing spirit, as he ventured into uncharted territories, pushing the boundaries of storytelling and visual expression. From gripping documentaries that shed light on pressing social issues to captivating telefilms that captured the zeitgeist of the times, his body of work stands as a testament to his artistic vision and unwavering commitment to excellence.

In the realm of theatre, his directorial prowess elevated the craft to new heights, infusing each production with a blend of innovation and tradition that captivated audiences far and wide. With a keen eye for detail and an innate understanding of the human condition, he breathed life into characters, transforming the stage into a mirror that reflected the complexities of the human experience.

His endeavours were not confined to the realms of art and culture alone; he also emerged as torchbearer of social change, using his platform to amplify the voices of the marginalized and downtrodden. Through his work with organizations like the North Zone Cultural Centre and his advocacy for the rights of artists in Kashmir, he became champions of inclusivity and equity, striving to create a world where creativity knows no bounds.

In the realm of television and cinema, his journey embarks upon a narrative of innovation and dedication. With Doordarshan’s cessation of outsourcing, a new chapter unfolded, one marked by the orchestration of festivals and showcases. In 2017, amidst the serene backdrop of Srinagar, he conceived the ‘Kashmir World Film Festival’, an audacious endeavour that would burgeon over four editions. The acclaim surpassed even his loftiest aspirations

Attracting luminaries from Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata, each edition welcomed distinguished guests like Tabu, MadhurBhandarkar, Saeed Mirza, Govind Nihalani and Rajit Kapur, among others. Yet, it wasn’t just the stars that illuminated the event; the dignitaries from Jammu & Kashmir, including the likes of Dr. Farooq Abdullah, imparted their own radiance upon the festival.

In 2022, an invitation from the esteemed NGO ‘Sarhad’ beckoned him to Pune, Maharashtra, to curate a J&K specific Film Festival, a triumph in its own right. Meanwhile, his prowess as a filmmaker resonated beyond borders, as he earned the distinction of representing India as a jury member for ‘International Film Festival’ being held at Kathmandu, Nepal slated for 2024.

His oeuvre extends far beyond the glitz of festivals, spanning a repertoire of over four dozen documentaries, a dozen telefilms, and an impressive tally of serials and programs for Doordarshan and other governmental entities. Not confined to the visual realm, he has also etched his mark on the airwaves, crafting stirring serials and features for All India Radio, Srinagar.

Amidst the accolades and honours that adorn his mantle, his greatest legacy lies in the lives he has touched and the hearts he has inspired. For in the grand tapestry of human existence, it is not the awards or achievements that endure, but the indelible imprint of kindness, compassion, and creativity that defines a life well-lived. And in that regard, his legacy shines bright, a beacon of hope and inspiration for generations to come.

At the forefront of his pantheon of inspirations stands the legendary Prithviraj Kapoor, whose larger-than-life presence on stage and screen captured the imagination of audiences across generations. His theatrical prowess and indomitable spirit served as a guiding light, igniting the flames of passion within his heart and fuelling his relentless pursuit of excellence.

Alongside Prithviraj Kapoor stands the venerable BalrajSahni, whose nuanced portrayals of human emotion transcended the confines of celluloid, leaving an indelible impression on the psyche of a nation. Through his mastery of the craft, he bridged the gap between art and reality, inspiring him to delve deeper into the recesses of his own soul and unearth the hidden treasures of expression.

In the annals of Indian cinema, few names evoke as much reverence as Dilip Kumar, whose mesmerizing performances breathed life into iconic characters and elevated storytelling to an art form. His ability to embody the essence of every role he portrayed served as a beacon of inspiration, reminding him of the transformative power of empathy and immersion.

No homage to the luminaries of yesteryears would be complete without a nod to the stalwarts of Indian music, whose melodic strains have woven themselves into the fabric of our cultural consciousness. From the soulful crooning of Mohammad Rafi to the ethereal melodies of Mehdi Hassan and Ghulam Ali, each note served as a testament to the enduring legacy of musical genius, inspiring him to look harness the power of song as a means of storytelling and self-expression.

Yet, inspiration knows no bounds as his pantheon extends beyond the realms of cinema and music to encompass the visionaries of Indian literature and filmmaking. From the trailblazing efforts of filmmakers like M.S. Sathyu and ShyamBenegal to the poetic brilliance of writers like K. Asif and Kamal Amrohi, each luminary cast a long shadow upon the landscape of creativity, challenging him to push the boundaries of his own artistic endeavours and strive for greatness.

In essence, Mushtaaque Ali Ahmad Khan’s journey is not just a personal triumph but a contribution to the cultural tapestry of Kashmir. His tireless efforts to revive cinema culture, promote local talent, and encourage the youth make him a revered figure in the world of arts and culture in the region.

 

Digital Nikah: A Modern Twist on Tradition as Man Marries via Video Call

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Digital Nikah: A Modern Twist on Tradition as Man Marries via Video Call
Peerzada Masarat Shah
In a story that combines love, family obligations, and the impact of modern technology, an Indian man recently married over a video call after his employer denied him leave. Adnan Muhammad, currently based in Turkey, married his bride from Himachal Pradesh’s Mandi through a “digital nikah” in a virtual ceremony that has gone viral.
The Unforeseen Circumstances
The decision to proceed with a virtual wedding wasn’t taken lightly. Adnan, who had been planning a traditional wedding back in India, found himself in a tough situation when his Turkish employer refused to grant him leave. Meanwhile, the bride’s ailing grandfather insisted that the wedding take place promptly, hoping to witness the ceremony despite his declining health.
A Marriage Across Screens
With no other options available, the families of both the bride and groom decided to go digital. Using video call technology, they connected across countries and coordinated a nikah that would otherwise have occurred in person. During the online ceremony, both Adnan and his bride affirmed their vows by repeating “qubool hai” (“I accept”) three times, in accordance with Islamic traditions. A qazi, or Islamic officiant, guided the couple and their families through the rituals, ensuring the sanctity of the marriage remained intact despite the virtual setup.
Technology Meets Tradition
In many ways, this wedding exemplifies how technology is reshaping our lives, even in deeply traditional matters like marriage. While remote weddings became common during the pandemic, Adnan’s story serves as a reminder that distance, work obligations, or unexpected situations don’t have to be barriers to fulfilling one’s commitments.
A Viral Moment
Social media quickly caught on to this unique wedding story, and it has since gone viral, sparking conversations about family, duty, and adaptability. Many have praised the families for their willingness to adapt, and the couple has become a symbol of love finding a way—even if that means celebrating the union virtually.
This “digital nikah” is yet another testament to how, with the right mindset, modern tools can keep love alive and allow for cherished traditions to endure.

Sustainable agriculture

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Sustainable Agriculture via crop neutral incentives
Balancing Resource Use and Crop Diversification for a Resilient Future
DR. K. P. RANJAN
Director, Regional Institute of Cooperative Management, Chandigarh
DR. RAMANDEEP SINGH
Faculty Member, Regional Institute of Cooperative Management, Chandigarh
India’s agriculture sector, a cornerstone of the economy, sustains over 42% of the population and contributes significantly to the country’s GDP. Yet, despite its vital role, the sector is grappling with a series of interconnected problems that threaten its sustainability and future growth. One of the most pressing issues is the over-reliance on a few staple crops like rice and wheat, which though supported by substantial government subsidies, have led to severe environmental and economic challenges. These include the depletion of critical water resources, degradation of soil health, and a disproportionate focus on crops that are not aligned with the evolving needs of food security and nutrition.
Currently, India’s agricultural landscape is skewed towards these water-intensive crops due to the heavy subsidies provided for water, electricity, and fertilisers. This has resulted in excessive production, particularly of rice, making India the largest exporter of the grain. However, this success comes at a significant cost. Exporting rice essentially means exporting vast amounts of water—an increasingly scarce resource in the country. Moreover, the cultivation practices for these crops, particularly paddy, contribute to methane emissions, exacerbating climate change. Soil health is also deteriorating due to the overuse of chemical fertilisers, which are necessary to sustain the high yields of these staple crops.
Recognizing these issues, the government has implemented several initiatives aimed at mitigating the impact of these challenges. The introduction of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) system and the PM-KISAN scheme provide financial security to farmers, encouraging them to continue farming despite the challenges. Additionally, programs like the Prime Minister’s Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) offer insurance against crop failure, providing a safety net for farmers dealing with the vagaries of weather. However, these measures, while beneficial, are not sufficient to address the underlying issues of crop diversification and sustainability.
The existing solutions are primarily focused on providing short-term relief and support, without addressing the need for a structural transformation in agricultural practices. What is needed is a shift towards a more balanced, diversified agricultural model—one that promotes the cultivation of a wider variety of crops that are less resource-intensive and more aligned with the country’s nutritional needs. This is where the concept of crop-neutral incentive structures comes into play.
Crop-neutral incentives involve providing equal financial support across different types of crops, particularly those that are less water-intensive and more sustainable, such as pulses, oilseeds, and millets. These crops not only require fewer resources but also play a crucial role in enhancing food security and nutrition. By offering equivalent subsidies for these crops, the government can encourage farmers to diversify their production, reducing the environmental impact and making agriculture more sustainable in the long term.
To implement this ideal solution, several steps need to be taken. First, investments in irrigation and water-saving technologies must be increased to reduce the dependency on monsoons and improve the efficiency of water use in agriculture. Second, there should be a focus on developing post-harvest infrastructure and improving market access for diversified crops. This would ensure that farmers receive fair prices for their produce, making diversification economically viable. Lastly, public awareness campaigns and education programs should be launched to inform farmers about the benefits of crop diversification and the availability of financial incentives for cultivating a wider range of crops.
While India’s agriculture sector has made significant strides, it is at a crossroads where continuing with the current practices could lead to unsustainable outcomes. By adopting crop-neutral incentive structures and promoting crop diversification, India can not only safeguard its agricultural future but also ensure that farming remains a viable and profitable endeavour for generations to come. This shift towards a more balanced and sustainable agricultural model is essential for addressing the pressing challenges of resource depletion, environmental degradation, and the evolving needs of food and nutritional security in the country.

How the Landscape of Overseas Education is Changing in India

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How the Landscape of Overseas Education is Changing in India
The current trends in India’s education financing sector are challenging the estimated projections for the future of the industry. But is there a silver lining?
India’s overseas education landscape has faced significant changes over the past year. In 2023, more than 1.2 million students travelled abroad for quality education [1]. This number was expected to reach 1.5 to 2 million by 2025 [2]. However, recent trends and data indicate a major shift in these projections.
Decline in Interest in Abroad Education?
GyanDhan conducted an analysis between March 2024 and May 2024 to understand the current trends. The report estimated a significant 22% drop in the number of students looking for abroad education loans as compared to the same period last year. This decrease in interest was even more pronounced in some states. Telangana witnessed a 30% drop and Gujarat, a 35% drop. Here is an overview of some other states:
Overall (India) -21.92%
Punjab & Chandigarh -28.41%
Maharashtra  -12.79%
Kerala -12.39%
What is Causing This Trend?
Many factors have influenced this declining trend. In the last three years, Indian students who travelled to the US have been facing challenges in bagging jobs. One such student, Ankit Kumar, an MS in Supply Chain Management graduate from the University of Texas at Dallas, pointed out, “There’s a dark reality to studying in the US. Finding a job is not easy and not everyone gets lucky enough to get a work visa.” He further added, “Working in non-tech fields, especially in supply chain, has become tricky for immigrants to be able to survive.”
Canada’s imposition of caps on international student admission [6] [7], Australia’s introduction of stricter student visa evaluations along with doubling of the fees [3] and the UK’s initial plan to consider restricting student entries [4] [5] have all been motivators of this decline. Together, these have made students and their families more careful about investing in an overseas education.
Future Outlook: Will It Get Better?
The critical question is whether this trend will improve in the coming years. GyanDhan’s analysis further examined aspirants’ preparation for exams and their interest in universities. Here are the findings for India as a whole:
Interest in GRE -13%
Interest in IELTS -24%
Interest in TOEFL -16%
These declines are particularly significant in states like Telangana with a drop of 30% in interest in GRE, Gujarat with a 43% drop in interest in TOEFL, and Punjab, with a 57.36% drop in interest in IELTS. These numbers indicate that the upcoming intakes, Spring 2025 and Fall 2025, may continue to experience similar trends until substantial changes in policies come into the picture.
The Other Side of the Picture
The overseas education industry in India may have taken a hit, but this is just one side of the story. International policymakers are soon to meet the results of economic forces. Over time, the exponential rise in the number of students travelling abroad has become an income source that many universities depend on [8]. A recent report highlighted many university staff layoffs and course suspensions in the UK, Canada and Australia [9]. This resulted from restrictive government policies on international students, “reducing an important income stream.”
In Australia, the overseas student caps have agitated universities. In a submission to the federal Department of Education, the University of Sydney says that no attempt has been made to assess the impact of “arbitrary enrolment limits” on a university funding model that is “heavily reliant” on international students’ fees [10]. Almost 44% of their income last year was from foreign students. They’ve requested the department to “consider changes of this magnitude extremely carefully”.
Ankit Mehra, CEO of GyanDhan, emphasises the implications of the restrictive measures on international students, “These measures not only affect universities but also hinder the potential contributions of talented graduates to their country’s economy.”
This was also recently highlighted by Donald Trump in his landmark proposal concerning international students. Preparing for the November presidential elections in the USA, he proposed ‘automatic green cards’ for Indians graduating from the US. He added, after their graduation, the brilliant students return to their country and “become billionaires”. [11]
Most of the recent policy changes and proposals are driven by pandering to the voter base given the impending elections in these geographies. Ankit Mehra further states, ”The economic fallout of alienating the international student segment will be too significant for these countries to ignore. We can expect a return to normalcy once the election cycles conclude and the hype settles.“
The Silver Lining
Despite the current challenges, there are many positive aspects one must consider. The reduction in interest will likely weed out less scrupulous parties who do not prioritise students’ best interests. This market correction could lead to a more transparent and student-focused industry.
Another silver lining for the overseas education industry is the increasing affluence of the upwardly mobile middle class. With the desire for superior educational opportunities, global exposure, and better career opportunities, more parents are sending their children abroad for undergraduate studies.
This surge can be seen in the GyanDhan analysis as well. There has been a notable 20% increase in interest for the ACT and SAT exams in India, both prerequisites for undergrad courses abroad.
Exam-wise searches  (Mar-May’23 versus Mar-May’24) % Change across India % Change across Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh  % Change across Punjab & Chandigarh
ACT 19.92% 8.84% 53.28%
SAT -0.31% 2.27% 1.17%
GRE -13.22% -30.36% -18.38%
GMAT -6.10% -6.99% 2.80%
IELTS -23.84% -20.02% -57.36%
TOEFL -15.60% -1.83% -24.29%
Additionally, the analysis highlighted a growing interest in countries apart from the traditional destinations, the USA, the UK, Canada and Australia. Universities in Ireland, Germany and Spain, among others, are witnessing a surge in interest among Indian students. For instance, abroad education aspirants in Punjab have shown a 99% increase in interest in German universities. Similarly, there is almost a 100% increase in interest in Irish universities among aspirants in Gujarat, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
Conclusion
The overseas education sector in India experienced significant transformations over the past three years– a surge in students travelling abroad post COVID aided by the upwardly mobile middle class driving an increasing demand for superior educational opportunities and global exposure. There have also been numerous changes in immigrant rules.
While the current trends pose challenges, the policy changes intended to address unscrupulous practices should ultimately result in a more sustainable growth for the overall industry. ###
Sources
1. Business Standard Article, 30 May 2024: Where are Indian students headed, how much do they spend abroad?
2. India Today, 8 Dec 2023: By 2025, Indian students studying abroad are expected to spend up to $70 billion
3. Business Standard, 1 Jul 2024: Australia hikes student visa fee by 125%: How Indians will be affected
4. The Economic Times, 25 May 2024: UK tightens student visa rules but keeps Indian students’ favourite graduate route intact for now
5. Hindustan Times, 24 May 2024: What UK’s new visa rules mean for Indian students and migrants, as per experts
6. Frontline, 23 Jan 2024: Canada’s two-year cap on international student visas likely to impact Indians
7. India Today, 26 Jun 2024: Number of Indian students seeking Canada Visa drop due to restrictions
8. Financial Review, 3 Jul 2024: Slashing Foreign student numbers would be economic self-harm
9. The Pie Network, 2 May 2024: Higher ed policies drive layoffs and cuts in the UK, Australia and Canada
10. Times Higher Education, 19 Jun 2024: Australian overseas student caps ‘jeopardise housing projects’
11. TOI, 21 Jun 2024: Donald Trump promises US green cards for foreign graduates
More to Read
1. Shiksha, 20 Jun 2024: India to be the largest source of International students for the US by 2034
2. Economic Times, 5 Feb 2024: Higher education ‘enrolment cliff’ likely to open doors for more Indian students
3. Financial Express, 13 May 2024: Australia announces changes in temporary graduate visa rules
4. The Hindu, 29 Feb 2024: Growing Mismatch between Indians going abroad and foreigners coming to India for higher studies
5. Deccan Chronicle, 30 Jun 2024: Indian students in US wary after rise in violent attacks
6. The Globe and Mail, 21 Jun 2024: The right question to ask about international students and housing

Mother!

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MOTHER!
By Monalisa Parida
        It is a painful subject if you think or write about a ‘Mother’. No writer has substantiated till today writing about any Mother. All are dying in debt of mother’s womb but could not elaborate and clearly express the pain of her. She is the key of all grandiose history, reason behind all inventions of science, root of all politics and adjectives of all literatures.
            If mother Kousalya was not there then Ram couldn’t be the Lord of an age and if Debaki was not there then Krishna’s ‘Dharmasansthapanarthaya’ work might be fragmentary.
A mother faces all trials and tribulations for her child. She always craves the best for her child. Wind, storms and rains will come but a mother will understand the pains of her child. She will care and shower love and compassion towards her child. Her child is her world and she is always a symbol of love and care for her child.
           Mom, mother, ayi, amma so many different names still less to put it in what she actually is. Mother the one who’s connected with their child both mentally and physically. She will be happy, sad, angry, proud anything for her child but in the end she want her child to be happy no matter what.

Turbulence in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis

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Turbulence in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis
Shabir Ahmad Paswal
Historical Context
The political landscape of Bangladesh has long been marred by a legacy of hereditary rule and military intervention. Since the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the nation’s founding father, in 1975, his daughter, Sheikh Hasina Wajid, and her political adversary, Khaleda Zia, have dominated Bangladeshi politics. Sheikh Hasina leads the Awami League, while Khaleda Zia heads the Bangladesh National Party (BNP). The rivalry between these two leaders has significantly shaped the country’s political dynamics.
A Legacy of Political Turmoil
Khaleda Zia’s last tenure as Prime Minister ended abruptly in 2007 when a military-backed caretaker government took control, citing widespread corruption and political instability. This interim government imposed martial law and organized elections in 2009, resulting in a victory for Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League. Since then, Sheikh Hasina has maintained a tight grip on power, and Khaleda Zia has faced numerous legal challenges, culminating in her conviction on corruption charges. Although sentenced to seventeen years in prison, Khaleda Zia has been under house arrest since 2019 due to health concerns, a term extended multiple times.
The Military’s Pervasive Influence
The military has played a crucial role in Bangladesh’s political history, having imposed martial law three times (1975, 1982, and 2007) and attempting to overthrow elected governments on several occasions. Sheikh Hasina has managed to keep the military in check by economically strengthening the state and rewarding military officials with various privileges. Additionally, the salaries of government employees have been significantly increased under her administration, making government jobs highly coveted.
Quotas and Corruption: Catalysts for Unrest
Despite economic improvements, the allocation of government jobs has been a persistent source of public discontent. Approximately one-third of these positions are reserved for certain groups, including military families and the descendants of independence war heroes. This quota system has sparked widespread resentment, particularly among students and young professionals who view it as discriminatory and antithetical to meritocracy.
The Spark: Student Protests and Government Crackdown
Fifteen days ago, student organizations began protesting against the quota system, presenting a list of nine demands. The government’s initial response was forceful, with police using batons and tear gas, resulting in several fatalities. The situation escalated when Sheikh Hasina made a controversial televised statement, comparing the protesting students to collaborators with the Pakistani army during the 1971 independence war, labelling them as state enemies. This incendiary rhetoric further inflamed the situation, leading to nationwide protests.
Escalation and Military Intervention
The government’s subsequent crackdown on the protests involved nationwide curfews, and internet blackouts, and aggressive military intervention, which resulted in the deaths of three hundred students and thousands of injuries. Amidst this chaos, the organization of retired military officers publicly called for active-duty soldiers to refrain from acting against the students, expressing their support for the protesters’ demands.
The Fall of Sheikh Hasina
Faced with mounting pressure, the military forced Sheikh Hasina to resign. She was flown to India, where she is currently a guest of the state. Martial law has once again been imposed in Bangladesh, leaving the future of its democracy uncertain. The public’s storming of the Prime Minister’s House and the toppling of Sheikh Mujib’s statue underscore the deep-seated frustration and desperation among the populace.
Uncertain Future
The immediate future of Bangladesh remains unclear. Whether the military will establish a new form of governance, form an interim government, or eventually hold elections is yet to be seen. The student organizations have welcomed the military’s intervention, but whether their demands will be met remains uncertain. This critical juncture in Bangladesh’s history highlights the profound challenges facing the nation as it grapples with issues of governance, military influence, and public discontent.
The events in Bangladesh over the past twenty days have brought to the forefront the longstanding issues of political instability, military intervention, and public dissatisfaction. The fall of Sheikh Hasina’s government and the imposition of martial law mark a significant turning point in the nation’s history. As Bangladesh navigates this turbulent period, the resilience and demands of its citizens will play a crucial role in shaping its future. The unfolding situation serves as a stark reminder of the fragile nature of democracy in the face of deep-rooted systemic challenges.

Dr. Zakia Shumi Shetu’s Poetic and Musical Passion

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          Dr. Zakia  Shumi Shetu’s Poetic and Musical Passion
                                              Dr.Ratan Bhattacharjee
Dr. Zakia Shumi Shetu is a versatile personality. She is academician . She is a poet, She writes stories and non fiction.  Her name Zakjia literally  means what she in her real life is  ‘The Virtuous’ and she writes on religion. She is basically from  Bangladesh though she currently resides in Australia with  her  family. Every one who watches Bangladesh television and listens to Bangladesh Betar knows that   Dr. Zakia  Shumi  Shetu  is  a well known name today in the global literary world. .She was a child prodigy  and started  to  compose rhymes at the age of nine. Nature was her inspiration and she felt super excited to write about the vast sky across nature, the swarm of butterflies in the flowers and the red tip of the dawn, the golden illusion of the sun like the golden ball of the sunset, before the world understood the world. Her  poem was first published in  Daily Ittefake published from Bangladesh.  The title of the poem was “Kashter Mahasamrat”.  She was a ninth grader that time. After that, her golden pen did not cease to continue.If she wrote  poetry from class six and stories, novels, plays, stage plays, essays, songwriting and composing music began  from class eight.  Currently she is a listed singer of Bangladesh Betarar.  Five of her poetry books, two novels, one non fiction  and one religious book show her dynamic versatility. During her student life, she participated in a poetry evening program which was discussed in various newspapers including Daily New Nation, Ittefaq, Dainik Bangla. Her literary works are regularly published in popular daily newspapers of Bangladesh and her research works are published in various research journals including various universities.
She spent some time of her youth  in Nazirabad, Pakistan because of her  father’s employment in State Bank of Pakistan.  After returning, first school life in Bangladesh soil from Motijheel Ideal High School, Matric Motijheel Model High School, Intermediate Badrunnessa Government College.  Finally, she completed M.A. in Bengali from Dhaka University, MPhil, Ph.D. from Jahangirnagar University.  She spent childhood and adolescence in Paribagh Wapda Officers Colony.  Her father was then Controller of Accounts and Finance of Bangladesh Power Development Board.  Dr.  Zalkia in the deep of her heart is an academician.  She has started her first job as a teacher in a government college.and then  in a private university.  Currently she is  working as a teacher in an institution under the control of Bangladesh Army (BSISC).  She is a very favorite teacher of students.  Students listen to her lectures like mesmerized. But she loves her family very much.  Spends a lot of time especially for children.  She voluntarily gave up his job several times so that her children would grow up to be a proper and successful person in the future.  Moreover, thinking about the suffering of the family’s sick person specially parents, she also left many attractive jobs.  Humanity is the most valuable asset of her life.
As an artist she arranged to produce several package dramas, children’s dramas have been aired from Bangladesh Television. She participated in various programs on Bangladesh Television. She has recited her own poem these programs.Participated in discussion programs including interviews and talk shows on national special day programs.  She is the famous television and radio artist of Bangladesh. Various artists including Sujit Mostafa, Champa Banik are performing songs written by her from Bangladesh Betar.  This song written about archeology sung by Sujit Mustafa is a completely new song broadcast from Bangladesh Betar.  This song is played at various functions of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. Currently this song is associated with a dream of the government scheme.  Dr.  Zakia Shumi Shetu herself is well versed in music.  Nazrul learned music from Bulbul Lalitkala Academy in Dhaka.   She studied classical music and all types of music under the famous musician Ustad Abdul Aziz Khan. She has been praised for presenting, reciting poems, composing her own songs and performing them on stage. She  was later interviewed by Ahmed Salim, editor of a popular Pakistani newspaper, which was published in a documentary book by Ishtera Publications, Lahore, Pakistan.  The name of the book is “The Frontier post”.  Bangladesh Ansar VDP Force Ladies Club Secretary for ten years with reputation and respect.  From there, she received an official award for good work.  Received an official award as a commentator on Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s national program at the parade ground.
Without inspiration, no human life’s intellectual-contemplative work develops.  Individuals become self-aware with proper motivation.  Her parents were the biggest inspirations in her life. Setu’s husband and wise reader are her great inspiration too  Her parents were the first readers of writings.  There is also an inspiration room, which contains innumerable books. Dr. Zakia Shumi Setu’s parents had a huge library, which was his source of inspiration.  In this room, many writers are obsessed with Setu’s Manojagat.  Notable are Kalidasa’s Meghdoot, Charyapad, Sri Krishna Kirtan, Rabindranath, Nazrul, Advaita Mallavarman, Shakespeare, Shelley, Keats, The Bible, The Gita, and the Holy  Koran  This is indeed a wide range. The first book of poetry was published during the first year of college.  The title  of the book is Shravan Samshyam.  Her other publications: include  Srabon Sondhai(poetry), Order jochonai Ishshor(poetry), Tomake dekhini Valobasa Onek Bochor (poetry, Pakhir Buke Nil Patar Ghor (poetry), Amora Valentine (lyrics) Ajhor Brishtite Eka(novel), Bashpata Ronger Meye(novel),  Al-Qubbatuz-Zarqa (Religious Book), Adhunik Bangla kabbo ( non fiction) .. In borh poetry and prose she is equally innovative . Her creative mind operates on multi- level. She thinks that there is no difference between men and women.  All the clouds of sorrow between men and women are the flow of time.  Every human being will be a priceless diamond-emerald if he or she values time and is a little bit humane.  But eternal spring throughout the world of women.  A woman is forever the sky of the world with the passion of countless flowers.  If woman can be a tree of knowledge with self-efficacy and genuine love of human sense then nature, sky will also be indebted to woman. That is why it is necessary to be an honest, humane person, to be patient, and to sacrifice self-respect in any need with a smile. She also thinks that woman is the mother of great life like the earth. Just as the earth is eternal as power, so is woman the invincible power of the people of the earth throughout the world.  Dr. Zakia is engaged deeply in her research simultaneously while she kept herself busy in creativity and fine arts.   She is engaged in some government grant research work in Bangladesh while she is conducting her  research work on Bangabandhu, the father of the nation of Bangladesh. At the same time she is  working for the heroic women and war affected  children of the great liberation war of Bangladesh.
Dr. Zakia’s hobbies include  reading and writing books and talking to nature.  She loves spending time with the women of his own organization “A sweet union of sounds” – sharing happiness and sorrow with them. She likes to read all kinds of books and to respect to all writers.But favorite authors include Rabindranath Tagore, Vibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay, Jeebananda Das, Samaresh Majumder, Buddhadev Bose. But she does not confine herself in lhe ivory tower like Lady Shallot.  She  is a social person.  Loves to be next to people in danger.   She  is very fond of counseling to solve personal, social or psychological problems by discussing and interviewing any problem of people.  She poured her life into civic service, humanitarian service effortlessly.
She is happy with her family. She has two children.  The son is studying honors in artificial intelligence at the university and the daughter is also studying engineering at the university in Australia.   Her husband is a senior official of the Bangladesh government who has received national medals.  He is currently working as a joint secretary in the Ministry of Cultural Affairs.
As a human being Dr. Zakia Shumi Shetu can impress anyone at the first meeting by her down to earth personality . She won her ego by her sweet disposition. She loves mankind irrespective of their wealth . She believes in the largeness of mind  .All these are reflected in her poems and fiction.  Music is the shorthand of emotions, said Leo Tolstoy. Her love for music is deep and this musical passion is woven in the tapestry of her poetic niche.   It made her aware of the harmony that pervades the universe. Therein lies her greatness as a poet. Her poetry is the worship of truth and beauty that are associated with poetry  Every poet should have musical ears for words and rhythms. Dr. Zaki Shumi Shetu is a born poet and her musical talent permeates her heart and subconscious mind which moulds her thoughts of life and society .
Dr.Ratan Bhattacharjee is International Visiting Professor USA and a multil9ngual poet cum columnist . He may be reached at profratanbhattacharjee@gmail.com